**Core Concept**
Otitis and osteomyelitis are complications of a severe infection that can spread from the middle ear to the surrounding bone, specifically the temporal bone. This condition is often associated with a bacterial infection, particularly one caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The spread of infection from the middle ear to the temporal bone is facilitated by the presence of mastoid air cells, which are air-filled cavities within the bone. These air cells can become infected and lead to the development of osteomyelitis, a condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the bone. Otitis, or inflammation of the ear, can occur simultaneously, as the infection can spread to the middle ear. The Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, can become blocked, allowing bacteria to grow and multiply, leading to the development of otitis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because while mastoiditis is a complication of otitis media, it is not the same as otitis and osteomyelitis.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because while temporal lobe abscess is a complication of otitis media, it is not the same as otitis and osteomyelitis.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because while petrositis is a complication of otitis media, it is not the same as otitis and osteomyelitis.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The spread of infection from the middle ear to the temporal bone is often facilitated by the presence of mastoid air cells, which can become infected and lead to osteomyelitis. It is essential to diagnose and treat otitis media promptly to prevent complications such as otitis and osteomyelitis.

**Correct Answer:** D. Petrositis.