**Core Concept**
Mature bone is a type of bone tissue that has reached its full growth potential and is characterized by a balance between bone resorption and bone formation. This balance is maintained by the coordinated action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone resorption and bone formation, respectively.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Mature bone is composed of a dense network of osteons, which are cylindrical units of bone tissue that are surrounded by a ring of osteocytes. The presence of osteons is a hallmark of mature bone, and they provide a strong and rigid structure that is capable of withstanding various types of mechanical stress. Osteons are formed through a process called secondary osteon formation, which involves the deposition of new bone matrix by osteoblasts around a central canal.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe mature bone. While it is true that mature bone is composed of a dense network of bone tissue, it is not accurate to describe it as being composed of a single type of bone cell.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a type of bone tissue that is found in the early stages of bone development, rather than in mature bone. Woven bone is characterized by a disorganized arrangement of collagen fibers and is often found in areas of bone that are subjected to high levels of mechanical stress.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a type of bone tissue that is found in the early stages of bone development, rather than in mature bone. Spongy bone is characterized by a porous and spongy appearance, and is often found in areas of bone that are subjected to low levels of mechanical stress.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Mature bone is capable of remodeling itself in response to changes in mechanical stress, which allows it to adapt to changing environmental conditions. This process of bone remodeling is critical for maintaining bone health and preventing diseases such as osteoporosis.

**Correct Answer: C. Cortical bone.**