The performance of a prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy reduced the risk of BRCA-related gynaecologic cancer by
**Core Concept**
Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes as a preventive measure for women with a high risk of developing certain types of cancer, particularly those with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. This procedure can significantly reduce the risk of developing BRCA-related gynaecologic cancers, including ovarian and fallopian tube cancer.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes in women with BRCA mutations significantly reduces the risk of developing ovarian and fallopian tube cancer, as these organs are the primary sites where BRCA-related cancers originate. The fallopian tubes are particularly susceptible to cancer development due to the accumulation of BRCA mutations in the epithelial cells lining the tubes. By removing these organs, the risk of cancer development is substantially reduced, making prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy an effective preventive measure for women at high risk.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect as it does not specify the reduction in risk, making it a vague and unsubstantiated claim.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the percentage of risk reduction associated with prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA mutation carriers.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect as it suggests a complete elimination of risk, which is not achievable with any preventive measure.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy should be considered in women with BRCA mutations who have completed childbearing, as this procedure significantly reduces the risk of developing BRCA-related gynaecologic cancer.
**Correct Answer:** D.