Oncogenes can be best studied by-
**Core Concept**
Oncogenes are genes that have the potential to cause cancer when mutated or overexpressed. They are derived from normal cellular genes called proto-oncogenes, which play a crucial role in cell growth, division, and differentiation. The study of oncogenes helps us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **C. Transfection of oncogenes into normal cells**. This method allows researchers to study the effects of oncogenes on cell behavior in a controlled environment. By introducing an oncogene into a normal cell, scientists can observe the changes in cell growth, morphology, and behavior, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of oncogenesis. This approach has been instrumental in identifying the roles of specific oncogenes in cancer development.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** **Isolation of oncogenes from tumor cells** is a crucial step in identifying potential oncogenes, but it does not provide a comprehensive understanding of their function. It is merely a starting point for further analysis.
**Option B:** **Studying the expression of oncogenes in cancer cells** is essential for understanding the role of oncogenes in cancer progression, but it does not allow for the controlled manipulation of oncogenes to study their effects on cell behavior.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The discovery of oncogenes has led to the development of targeted therapies, such as kinase inhibitors, which have revolutionized cancer treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying oncogenesis is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.
**Correct Answer: C. Transfection of oncogenes into normal cells**