Ollendroff sign is seen in –
**Core Concept**
The Ollendroff sign is a clinical manifestation associated with a specific condition, which is related to the anatomy and physiology of the eye. It involves a characteristic appearance of the iris, which is influenced by the underlying pathology.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The Ollendroff sign is seen in cases of **uveitis**, particularly in conditions like **sympathetic ophthalmia**. This sign is characterized by a **swollen and congested iris**, often with a **diffuse or sectoral iris atrophy**. The pathophysiology involves an inflammatory response in the uveal tract, leading to damage to the iris stroma and its subsequent atrophy. The sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare but serious condition that occurs after penetrating eye injury or surgery, leading to bilateral inflammation of the uveal tract.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the Ollendroff sign is not typically associated with **congenital glaucoma**. While congenital glaucoma can cause iris changes, the Ollendroff sign is more specific to conditions like sympathetic ophthalmia.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because **angle-closure glaucoma** is not directly related to the Ollendroff sign. Angle-closure glaucoma can cause iris changes due to the increased intraocular pressure, but the Ollendroff sign is more specific to conditions like sympathetic ophthalmia.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because **phacolytic glaucoma** is not typically associated with the Ollendroff sign. Phacolytic glaucoma is a condition caused by the leakage of lens proteins into the anterior chamber, leading to increased intraocular pressure.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The Ollendroff sign is an important clinical manifestation that can aid in the diagnosis of conditions like sympathetic ophthalmia. It is essential for ophthalmologists and medical students to recognize this sign to provide timely and appropriate treatment.
**Correct Answer: D. Sympathetic ophthalmia.**