Cork screw type of oesophagus on barium swallow is seen in which of the following
**Core Concept**
The **cork screw type of oesophagus** is a radiological finding on barium swallow studies, indicating a motility disorder of the esophagus. This appearance is due to the abnormal contractions and relaxations of the esophageal musculature. The underlying principle being tested involves **esophageal motility disorders**.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to a condition characterized by abnormal peristalsis and contractions of the esophagus, leading to the cork screw appearance. This condition involves the **degeneration of the myenteric plexus**, leading to uncoordinated muscle contractions. The specific diagnosis associated with this finding is **diffuse esophageal spasm** or another motility disorder like **achalasia**, though the latter typically presents with a **bird's beak** appearance.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Would be incorrect if it suggested a condition not associated with esophageal motility disorders.
**Option B:** Might be incorrect if it points towards a structural issue rather than a motility disorder.
**Option C:** Could be incorrect if it refers to a condition that does not typically cause the cork screw appearance on barium swallow.
**Option D:** Would be incorrect if it is unrelated to the pathophysiology of esophageal motility disorders.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **esophageal motility disorders** can present with various symptoms, including dysphagia and chest pain, and their diagnosis often involves a combination of clinical presentation, endoscopy, and diagnostic studies like barium swallow.
**Correct Answer:** D. Diffuse esophageal spasm