**Core Concept**
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is a comprehensive initiative by the Government of India to control and prevent vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and filariasis. The program involves surveillance, prevention, and control measures at various levels.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
NVBDCP primarily focuses on the control of vector-borne diseases. Among the options, **filariasis** is a disease that was targeted for elimination under the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), which is a separate initiative. Although filariasis is still under the purview of NVBDCP, the question is likely asking about diseases that are not primarily targeted by NVBDCP.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Malaria - Malaria is a major focus area of NVBDCP, and the program has made significant strides in reducing malaria cases in India.
**Option B:** Dengue - Dengue is another vector-borne disease that is targeted by NVBDCP, and the program has implemented various measures to control its spread.
**Option C:** Chikungunya - Chikungunya is also a vector-borne disease that falls under the purview of NVBDCP, and the program has taken steps to prevent and control its outbreaks.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that NVBDCP is a comprehensive program that targets multiple vector-borne diseases, but the specific diseases targeted may vary over time. The program's focus areas are subject to change based on emerging trends and public health priorities.

**Correct Answer:** D.