**Core Concept**
The nutrient artery supplies the bone by providing a blood supply to the bone's medullary cavity. This artery enters the bone through a specific end to facilitate nutrient exchange and oxygenation of the bone tissue.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The nutrient artery enters the bone through the **nutrient foramen** or **nutrient canal**, which is typically located at the **proximal end** of the long bone. This is where the bone is widest and the medullary cavity is largest, allowing for the maximum exchange of nutrients and waste products. The nutrient artery then branches into smaller vessels that supply the bone's marrow and cortex.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because the nutrient artery does not typically enter the bone through the distal end. The distal end of the long bone is narrower and may have a different vascular supply.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because the nutrient artery does not typically enter the bone through the epiphyseal plate. The epiphyseal plate is a region of growth and development in the bone, and its vascular supply is different from the nutrient artery.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because the nutrient artery does not typically enter the bone through the periosteum. The periosteum is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the bone, but it does not provide a direct entry point for the nutrient artery.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The nutrient artery is an important landmark for orthopedic surgeons during bone grafting and other surgical procedures. Understanding the anatomy of the nutrient artery can help surgeons avoid damaging this critical blood supply and ensure successful outcomes.

**Correct Answer:** D.