**Question:** Not true about measles

A. Measles is a sexually transmitted disease
B. Measles does not cause significant morbidity and mortality
C. Measles vaccination is available for children above 10 years
D. Measles is a mild disease with no long-term consequences

**Core Concept:** Measles is a highly contagious viral illness caused by the measles virus, belonging to the Morbillivirus family. It primarily affects children, although it can occur in adults as well. Measles is a significant public health concern due to its high transmission rate and potential severe complications.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** The correct answer (D) is right because measles is not a mild disease with no long-term consequences. In fact, measles can lead to severe complications, including pneumonia, brain inflammation (encephalitis), and diarrhea, which can result in hospitalization and even death. Additionally, measles can exacerbate pre-existing health conditions, increasing the risk of severe complications and mortality.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Measles is not sexually transmitted. It primarily spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected person, especially through close contact with an infected individual or in poorly ventilated areas.

B. Measles is a highly contagious disease, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, particularly in young children and immunocompromised individuals. The widespread vaccination efforts have significantly reduced the disease burden, but measles remains a concern in some regions.

C. Measles vaccination is available for children above 12-18 months, depending on the vaccination schedule followed in different countries. It is essential to ensure children receive the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine to protect against these three viral illnesses.

**Clinical Pearl:** Measles vaccination is a cornerstone of public health strategies to prevent measles outbreaks and reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. Introducing vaccination in early childhood ensures a high level of herd immunity, protecting even those who cannot receive the vaccine due to medical contraindications or other reasons.

**Correct Answer:** D (measles is a mild disease with no long-term consequences)