Not included in numerator of dependency ratio-
**Core Concept**
Dependency ratio is a measure used to indicate the ratio of a dependent population (those who are not in the workforce, such as children and elderly) to the working-age population. The numerator of the dependency ratio typically includes the population below 15 years and above 65 years.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The numerator of the dependency ratio includes the population below 15 years and above 65 years. This is because these age groups are considered dependent on the working-age population. The population aged 15-64 years, also known as the working-age population, supports the dependent population. The dependency ratio is calculated by dividing the sum of the population below 15 years and above 65 years by the working-age population.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the age group being referred to. The numerator of the dependency ratio includes specific age groups, not a general category.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a contradictory statement. The numerator of the dependency ratio does include the population below 15 years and above 65 years.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a distractor and does not accurately describe the numerator of the dependency ratio.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The dependency ratio is an important indicator of the economic burden on the working-age population. A high dependency ratio can indicate a potential strain on the economy and social services.
**Correct Answer: D.**