**Core Concept**
The resection of the head of the pancreas is a complex surgical procedure that involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, which is often performed to treat pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, or other conditions. The procedure requires careful consideration of several factors to minimize complications and ensure a successful outcome.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the vascular supply of the pancreas. The head of the pancreas receives its blood supply from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the gastroduodenal artery, which are both branches of the aorta. The portal vein, which is formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein, is also located in close proximity to the head of the pancreas. However, the venous drainage of the pancreas is not a contraindication for resection of the head of the pancreas.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because a tumor in the portal vein is a contraindication for resection of the head of the pancreas, as it would compromise the venous drainage of the pancreas.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect because a tumor in the superior mesenteric artery is a contraindication for resection of the head of the pancreas, as it would compromise the arterial supply of the pancreas.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect because a tumor in the gastroduodenal artery is a contraindication for resection of the head of the pancreas, as it would compromise the arterial supply of the pancreas.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When considering resection of the head of the pancreas, it is essential to evaluate the vascular supply and venous drainage of the pancreas carefully to minimize complications and ensure a successful outcome.

**Correct Answer: D.**