**Core Concept**
The patient's blood pressure status can be influenced by various factors, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system activity, and renal function. In conditions with an imbalance of these factors, patients may exhibit hypertension or hypotension.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In primary hyperaldosteronism, the excess production of aldosterone leads to sodium retention and water absorption, resulting in volume expansion and subsequent hypertension. However, in primary aldosteronism, the volume expansion is often accompanied by a compensatory increase in renin levels, which in turn activates the RAAS. This compensatory increase in renin can lead to increased levels of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure. Therefore, patients with primary hyperaldosteronism are often hypertensive.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** In Conn's syndrome (primary aldosteronism), the patient is likely to be hypertensive due to the compensatory increase in renin levels and subsequent activation of the RAAS.
**Option B:** In Bartter's syndrome, the patient often presents with hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and normal to low blood pressure due to the defect in the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
**Option C:** In Gitelman's syndrome, the patient often presents with hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypotension due to the defect in the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes are both characterized by renal salt wasting, but they differ in the specific location and type of defect in the sodium transporters.
**Correct Answer:** C.
Free Medical MCQs Β· NEET PG Β· USMLE Β· AIIMS
Access thousands of free MCQs, ebooks and daily exams.
By signing in you agree to our Privacy Policy.