Cryoglobulinemia with renal involvement is associated with hypocomplementemia in the majority of cases. In addition it has been well recognized that hepatitis C is often associated with cryoglobulinemia. Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (WHO class IV) is the most aggressive form of the disease and is also associated with hypocomplementemia. Early in the course of postinfectious glomerulonephritis, immune complex deposition is in full force and serum complements are low. Henoch-Schonlein purpura, the systemic manifestation of IgA nephropathy, is not associated with hypocomplementemia. Other causes of hypo­complementemic glomerulonephritis are glomerulonephritis associated with bacterial en­docarditis or other chronic infections as well as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.