Dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor is:
**Core Concept**
Dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (DNDRIs) are a class of medications that work by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) in the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing their concentration and enhancing their neurotransmission. This action is distinct from other antidepressants that primarily target serotonin, dopamine, or noradrenaline separately.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Bupropion is a unique antidepressant that functions as a DNDRI by inhibiting the reuptake of both dopamine and noradrenaline. This mechanism is thought to contribute to its efficacy in treating depression and smoking cessation. Bupropion's ability to modulate both dopamine and noradrenaline levels distinguishes it from other antidepressants that primarily target serotonin or noradrenaline.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that primarily functions as a dopamine antagonist, with some serotonin antagonism. It does not inhibit dopamine or noradrenaline reuptake.
**Option C:** Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent that acts as a GABA_A receptor agonist, promoting sedation and sleep induction. It does not affect dopamine or noradrenaline reuptake.
**Option D:** Mirtazapine (note: miazapine is likely a typo) is an antidepressant that primarily functions as a noradrenaline antagonist and serotonin antagonist, with some serotonin receptor agonism. It does not inhibit dopamine or noradrenaline reuptake.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Bupropion's unique mechanism as a DNDRI makes it a useful option for patients with treatment-resistant depression or those who have failed other antidepressants. Its efficacy in smoking cessation is also thought to be related to its ability to modulate dopamine levels.
**Correct Answer:**
β Correct Answer: B. Bupropion