Newborn commonly has all of the following except
**Core Concept**
Newborns have unique physiological and anatomical characteristics that differentiate them from adults. The question is testing the student's knowledge of these differences and how they relate to various physiological processes.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the fact that newborns have immature renal function, which affects their ability to concentrate urine. Newborns have a high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a low renal concentrating ability due to the immaturity of the collecting ducts and the lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) response. This leads to a high urine output and a relatively low urine osmolality.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:**
Newborns do have a relatively high respiratory rate, which is around 40-60 breaths per minute, due to the immaturity of the respiratory center and the need for more oxygen. This is a normal characteristic of newborns.
**Option B:**
Newborns have a relatively high cardiac output, which is around 200-250 mL/kg/min, due to the need for more oxygen and nutrients. This is a normal characteristic of newborns.
**Option C:**
Newborns have a relatively low blood glucose level, which can range from 40-70 mg/dL, due to the immaturity of the liver and the lack of glycogen stores. This is a normal characteristic of newborns.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Newborns have a relatively high metabolic rate, which is around 2-3 times that of adults, due to the need for growth and development. This can lead to an increased demand for oxygen and nutrients, which can be challenging for the newborn to meet.
**Correct Answer: D.**