Which of the following drug shows nephrotoxicity during administration?
## **Core Concept**
The question tests knowledge of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, a significant concern in pharmacology. Nephrotoxicity refers to the potential of certain drugs to cause kidney damage. Various classes of drugs can exhibit nephrotoxic effects, including antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, and contrast media.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics, are well-known for their nephrotoxic potential. They can cause damage to the renal cortex, leading to acute tubular necrosis, a form of acute kidney injury. This nephrotoxicity is dose-dependent and can be irreversible. The mechanism involves the accumulation of aminoglycosides in renal tubular cells, leading to cellular damage.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** While certain cephalosporins can have nephrotoxic effects, they are generally considered less nephrotoxic compared to aminoglycosides. However, without specific details on the cephalosporin in question, it's hard to definitively rule it out based solely on class.
* **Option B:** This option seems to be missing a drug class or name but based on common nephrotoxic drugs, macrolides (if implied) are not typically known for nephrotoxicity.
* **Option C:** If this option refers to a different class of drugs not commonly associated with nephrotoxicity (like some antivirals, antifungals, or specific anticancer drugs), it would be incorrect based on the context that aminoglycosides are more directly and commonly associated with nephrotoxicity.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical pearl is that **aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity** can be minimized by using the lowest effective dose, avoiding concomitant use of other nephrotoxic agents, and monitoring renal function closely during therapy.
## **Correct Answer:** . (Implied to be an aminoglycoside based on common nephrotoxic drugs)