A 16-year-old male complains of nasal obstruction, nasal blockage, a mass is seen in the nasopharynx with minimal extension into sphenoid sinus. What is the stage of nasopharyngeal fibroma?

**Core Concept**
Nasopharyngeal fibroma, also known as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), is a rare, benign vascular tumor primarily affecting adolescent males. The tumor's growth pattern and extent of invasion into surrounding structures are crucial for staging.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct staging of nasopharyngeal fibroma is based on the tumor's extent of invasion into surrounding structures. According to the Radkowski classification, stage IB is characterized by tumor extension into the sphenoid sinus with or without extension into the ethmoid sinuses, but not beyond the sphenoid sinus. In this case, the mass is seen in the nasopharynx with minimal extension into the sphenoid sinus, which aligns with stage IB criteria. The Radkowski classification is a widely used staging system for nasopharyngeal fibroma.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** IA is characterized by a tumor confined to the nasopharynx without extension into any surrounding structures, which does not match the given scenario.
**Option C:** IIA is characterized by tumor extension into the sphenoid sinus and ethmoid sinuses, as well as into the nasal cavity and/or orbit, which exceeds the extent of invasion described in the scenario.
**Option D:** IIB is characterized by tumor extension into the anterior cranial fossa, which is not mentioned in the scenario.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that nasopharyngeal fibroma is a highly vascular tumor, and surgical resection requires careful planning to avoid significant blood loss. Preoperative embolization is often recommended to reduce blood flow to the tumor.

**✓ Correct Answer: B. IB. Stage IB nasopharyngeal fibroma with tumor extension into the sphenoid sinus.**