In complete mullerian duct aplasia all of the following are likely to be absent except:
**Core Concept**
Complete mullerian duct aplasia, also known as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, is a congenital anomaly characterized by the absence or malformation of the upper and lower vagina, cervix, and uterus. This condition is due to the failure of the mullerian ducts to develop during embryogenesis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is likely to be the structure that is not derived from the mullerian ducts. In complete mullerian duct aplasia, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and external genitalia are usually normal because they develop from different embryonic sources. The ovaries develop from the genital ridges, while the external genitalia develop from the genital tubercle and the urogenital sinus.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** The cervix is likely to be absent in complete mullerian duct aplasia because it develops from the mullerian ducts.
* **Option B:** The uterus is likely to be absent in complete mullerian duct aplasia because it develops from the mullerian ducts.
* **Option C:** The fallopian tubes are likely to be absent in complete mullerian duct aplasia because they develop from the mullerian ducts.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that patients with complete mullerian duct aplasia may have a normal external genitalia appearance, but they may experience secondary amenorrhea and pelvic pain due to the absence of the uterus and cervix.
**Correct Answer: D. Ovaries**