All of the following movements occur during abduction of shoulder, except:
## **Core Concept**
The movement of shoulder abduction involves coordinated actions of multiple joints and muscles. Shoulder abduction is the movement of the arm away from the midline of the body in the coronal plane. This movement primarily occurs at the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) and involves a sequence of movements.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct sequence of movements during shoulder abduction includes:
- The initial 15 degrees of abduction is primarily facilitated by the supraspinatus muscle.
- Beyond 15 degrees, the deltoid muscle takes over to abduct the shoulder up to about 90 degrees.
- For abduction beyond 90 degrees, the scapula rotates upward (scapular rotation), which is crucial for the arm to be lifted above the head. This scapular rotation is facilitated by the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is not provided, so we cannot assess its accuracy.
- **Option B:** This option is not provided, so we cannot assess its accuracy.
- **Option C:** This option is not provided, so we cannot assess its accuracy.
- **Option D:** This option is the correct answer but without the description, we assume it refers to a movement that does not occur during abduction.
However, typically incorrect options might include movements that are not part of the abduction process or are incorrectly attributed to the wrong phase of abduction.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is the **scapulohumeral rhythm**, which is the ratio of scapular rotation to humeral elevation. Normally, for every 2 degrees of humeral elevation, there is 1 degree of scapular rotation. Understanding this rhythm helps in assessing and managing shoulder pathologies.
## **Correct Answer: D.**