**Core Concept**
The Mother Friendly Birth Initiative is a global campaign aimed at promoting a human rights approach to maternity care, focusing on a mother-friendly environment that prioritizes respect, dignity, and well-being during childbirth. This initiative emphasizes the importance of evidence-based practices and the reduction of medical interventions.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The Mother Friendly Birth Initiative was launched in 1996 by the International Childbirth Education Association (ICEA) to promote a mother-friendly approach to childbirth, which emphasizes informed decision-making, support for breastfeeding, and a reduction in medical interventions. The initiative encourages healthcare providers to adopt practices that respect the autonomy and dignity of childbearing women.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as the Mother Friendly Birth Initiative was not launched in 1990, which is too early for the initiative's launch.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as the Mother Friendly Birth Initiative was not launched in 2005, which is later than the actual launch date.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as the Mother Friendly Birth Initiative was not launched in 2010, which is also later than the actual launch date.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The Mother Friendly Birth Initiative emphasizes the importance of a supportive and respectful environment for childbirth, which is essential for promoting positive birth outcomes and reducing the risk of maternal and neonatal complications.

**Correct Answer: D. 1996**