Most common symptom in buphthalmos is-
**Core Concept**
Buphthalmos, also known as infantile or congenital glaucoma, is a rare but serious condition that affects infants and young children. It is characterized by an abnormal increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to an imbalance between aqueous humor production and outflow, leading to optic nerve damage and vision loss.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The most common symptom of buphthalmos is corneal enlargement and clouding, also known as corneal edema. This occurs due to the increased IOP, which causes the cornea to stretch and become irregularly shaped. As a result, the cornea becomes cloudy and enlarged, leading to vision problems and discomfort for the child. The corneal edema is often accompanied by photophobia, tearing, and redness of the eye.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** While vision loss is a potential complication of buphthalmos, it is not the most common symptom. Vision problems may occur due to the optic nerve damage caused by the increased IOP.
* **Option B:** Photophobia is a symptom of buphthalmos, but it is not the most common symptom. Photophobia occurs due to the increased sensitivity of the cornea to light.
* **Option C:** Redness of the eye is a symptom of buphthalmos, but it is not the most common symptom. Redness occurs due to the increased blood flow to the eye caused by the increased IOP.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Infants with buphthalmos may have a "blue sclera" appearance due to the thinning of the sclera caused by the increased IOP. This is a classic clinical sign that should raise suspicion for this condition.
**Correct Answer: C. Corneal enlargement and clouding.**