Most common complications of Mumps is
**Core Concept**
Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus, belonging to the paramyxovirus family. The disease primarily affects the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands, leading to symptoms such as swelling, pain, and fever.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The most common complications of mumps are orchitis in post-pubescent males and oophoritis in females. Orchitis is inflammation of the testis, which can lead to atrophy, infertility, or even testicular torsion. Oophoritis is inflammation of the ovaries, which may lead to ovarian torsion or infertility. These complications are thought to occur due to the virus's tropism for the gonads, particularly in individuals who have developed immunity to the virus but have not yet reached puberty.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Hearing loss is a rare complication of mumps, primarily affecting children. It is not the most common complication.
**Option B:** Pancreatitis is a rare but serious complication of mumps, often occurring in adults. It is not the most common complication.
**Option C:** Encephalitis is a rare but serious complication of mumps, primarily affecting children. It is not the most common complication.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Mumps virus infection can lead to long-term gonadal complications, particularly orchitis in males, which can result in infertility or testicular atrophy. Early recognition and management of mumps are crucial to prevent these complications.
**Correct Answer: C. Oophoritis in females and orchitis in post-pubescent males.**