Most common cause of maternal anaemia in pregnancy
**Core Concept**
Maternal anaemia in pregnancy is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries. The most common cause of maternal anaemia is related to iron deficiency, which is a result of increased demand for iron during pregnancy.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is iron deficiency due to the increased demand for iron during pregnancy. This is because the pregnant woman's blood volume expands significantly, and the increased demand for iron is not met through dietary sources alone. Iron is essential for the production of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the fetus. Additionally, the increased demand for iron is compounded by the fact that the pregnant woman's iron stores are depleted due to menstrual losses and other factors. The body's ability to absorb iron is also impaired during pregnancy, making it even more challenging to meet the increased demand.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder that affects haemoglobin production, but it is not the most common cause of maternal anaemia in pregnancy.
**Option B:** Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause anaemia, but it is not the most common cause of maternal anaemia in pregnancy.
**Option C:** Sickle cell disease is another genetic disorder that affects haemoglobin, but it is not the most common cause of maternal anaemia in pregnancy.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Iron deficiency anaemia is often asymptomatic in the early stages, but it can lead to significant complications if left untreated, including preterm labour, low birth weight, and increased risk of maternal mortality.
**Correct Answer: A. Iron deficiency**