Most common cause of IUGR is –
**Core Concept**
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a condition where a fetus does not grow at a normal rate inside the womb. It can be caused by various factors, including maternal, placental, and fetal issues.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The most common cause of IUGR is related to placental insufficiency, which affects the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the mother and the fetus. This can be due to inadequate placental development, placental abruption, or maternal vascular diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The placenta plays a crucial role in providing the necessary nutrients and oxygen to the fetus for proper growth and development.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, can cause IUGR, but they are not the most common cause. Chromosomal abnormalities are typically associated with other growth restriction patterns and developmental issues.
**Option B:** Maternal hypertension is a significant risk factor for IUGR, but it is not the most common cause. Hypertension can lead to placental insufficiency, but it is a secondary factor.
**Option C:** Fetal anomalies, such as congenital heart disease, can cause IUGR, but they are relatively rare compared to placental insufficiency.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
IUGR is often associated with maternal hypertension, and it is essential to monitor blood pressure and perform regular ultrasounds to detect growth restriction early.
**Correct Answer: B. Maternal hypertension is a significant risk factor for IUGR, but it is not the most common cause.