Ans. is None "Most common cause of IUGR is a problem in placenta". Amongst the given options no one is placental factor for IUGR. Causes of IUGR (small for date) Environmental i) Ethnic, racial and geographic in) Social and economic status iii) Nutritional Maternal i) Sho stature of mother ii) Primi or grand multipara iii) Young / adolescent mother (below 20 years) iv) Low pre-pregnancy weight v) Smoking and tobacco or alcohol abuse vi) Maternal illness : anemia, hea disease, malaria vii) Complication of pregnancy : pre-eclampsia, hypeension viii) Previous similar baby Placental factors Disorders of implantation of placenta, abruptio placenta extensive placental infarcts and structural or function abnormalities of placenta. Single umbilical aery vascular thrombosis also predispose to bih of small baby Fetal factors i) First born babies are generally smaller ii) Genetics or chromosomal aberrations iii) Twining and multiple pregnancies iv) Intrauterine infections Growth cha New Growth chas have been added in 2114/e of Park 1) Who growth chas (2006) o WHO has generated new growth standards for children age 0-60 months (0-5 years) : - Percentile and Z score curve for : ? i) Length/height for-age ii) Weight for age iii) Weight for length iv) Weight for height v) Body mass index for age (BMI for age) o Last standard (BMI for age) is an addition of the set of indicators previously available as a pa of the NCHS/ WHO reference. o Growth cha contains 7 curves --> Central for median; upper three for + 1 SD, + 2SD and + 3SD; and lower three for - 1SD, -2SD and - 3SD. Growth cha in India o India has adopted the new WHO child growth standards (2006) in February 2009, for monitoring the young child growth and development within the National Rural Health Mission and the ICDS. o The growth cha shows three zones : - i) Normal zone of weight for age. ii) Zone of undernutrition (between - 2SD and - 3SD). iii) Severely underweight (below - 3 SD) o A joint "Mother and child protection Card" has been developed which contains space for growth cha along with many other parameters for recording. Note : - Following explanations are related to old growth chas.