Most common cause of death in measles?
**Core Concept**
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations such as young children and immunocompromised individuals. The disease is characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic rash.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The most common cause of death in measles is secondary bacterial pneumonia, which occurs when the measles virus compromises the respiratory system, making it susceptible to secondary infections. This is often due to the suppression of the immune system, allowing opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to take hold. The measles virus also causes inflammation in the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange and potential respiratory failure.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** While measles can lead to encephalitis, it is not the most common cause of death associated with the disease.
* **Option B:** Diarrhea and dehydration are complications of measles, but they are not the leading cause of mortality.
* **Option C:** Measles can lead to otitis media (middle ear infection), but it is not the primary cause of death in measles patients.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Measles can lead to a range of secondary complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and diarrhea. Ensuring vaccination against measles is crucial in preventing these complications and reducing mortality.
**Correct Answer:** B.