Most common acute complication of dialysis is-
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the knowledge of complications associated with dialysis, a medical treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The most common acute complication of dialysis is related to the rapid changes in fluid and electrolyte balance that occur during the treatment.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **hypotension**. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a common complication of dialysis due to the rapid removal of fluid from the body. During dialysis, the blood is filtered outside the body, and excess fluid is removed, leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure. This is because the body's fluid volume is rapidly reduced, causing a decrease in cardiac output and blood pressure. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating fluid balance, and in patients with ESRD, the kidneys are unable to perform this function effectively.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** **Cardiac arrest** is a possible complication of severe hypotension, but it is not the most common acute complication of dialysis.
* **Option B:** **Hypokalemia** is a potential complication of dialysis, but it is not the most common acute complication. Hypokalemia occurs when potassium levels drop below normal, but this is more of a chronic complication.
* **Option C:** **Uremic encephalopathy** is a complication of untreated or undertreated uremia, but it is not the most common acute complication of dialysis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that dialysis patients are at risk of developing hypotension due to the rapid removal of fluid. To prevent this, dialysis technicians often administer fluids and electrolytes to maintain a stable blood pressure.
**Correct Answer:** C.