The recipient twin in monochorionic twin gestation effected by twin-twin transfusion syndrome is characterised by all except
**Core Concept**
In twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), a rare condition occurring in monochorionic diamniotic (MoDi) twin pregnancies, there is an unequal exchange of blood between the two fetuses through vascular anastomoses in the placenta. This leads to a donor twin, which is hypervolemic and polycythemic, and a recipient twin, which is hypovolemic and anemic.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The recipient twin in TTTS is characterized by hypovolemia due to the excessive loss of blood to the donor twin through the vascular anastomoses. This hypovolemia can lead to decreased cardiac output, oliguria, and even renal failure. The recipient twin may also experience cardiac dysfunction, including heart failure, due to the increased workload on the heart. The presence of thrombosis and kernicterus in the recipient twin is also a possibility due to the increased risk of coagulopathy and hemolysis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Thrombosis is indeed a possible complication in the recipient twin due to the increased risk of coagulopathy and hemolysis. Therefore, it is a characteristic of the recipient twin in TTTS.
**Option C:** Kernicterus is also a possible complication in the recipient twin due to the increased risk of hemolysis and subsequent bilirubin buildup. Therefore, it is a characteristic of the recipient twin in TTTS.
**Option D:** Heart failure is a possible complication in the recipient twin due to the increased workload on the heart and decreased cardiac output. Therefore, it is a characteristic of the recipient twin in TTTS.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In TTTS, the donor twin is typically more macrosomic than the recipient twin, and both twins are at increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity.
**Correct Answer:**
✓ Correct Answer: B. Hypovolemia