**Core Concept**
Mittendorf dots are small, white, pinpoint hemorrhages found on the surface of the placenta, typically in the decidua basalis. They are a sign of placental abruption, which occurs when the placenta separates from the uterus, often due to maternal hypertension or trauma.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Mittendorf dots are associated with placental abruption because they represent small areas of placental separation and bleeding. The dots are thought to be caused by the rupture of small blood vessels in the decidua basalis, leading to bleeding into the intervillous space. This can be a sign of underlying maternal hypertension or other conditions that increase the risk of placental abruption.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Mittendorf dots are not associated with placental infarcts, which are areas of necrotic placental tissue. While both conditions can affect placental function, they have distinct pathophysiology and clinical presentations.
**Option B:** Mittendorf dots are not a sign of chorioamnionitis, which is an inflammation of the fetal membranes. Chorioamnionitis is typically characterized by maternal fever, uterine tenderness, and fetal tachycardia.
**Option C:** Mittendorf dots are not associated with placental previa, which is a condition where the placenta covers the internal cervical os. Placental previa is typically diagnosed by ultrasound and is characterized by vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Mittendorf dots are an important clinical sign that can indicate placental abruption, a condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent fetal distress and maternal complications.

**Correct Answer: D. Placental abruption.**