In a well fed state, the activity of CPT-I in outer mitochondrial membrane is inhibited by:
**Core Concept**
The regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) is crucial in determining the rate of fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria. In a well-fed state, the body prioritizes glucose metabolism over fatty acid oxidation.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In a well-fed state, the activity of CPT-I is inhibited by malonyl-CoA, which is synthesized from acetyl-CoA by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Malonyl-CoA acts as an allosteric inhibitor of CPT-I, preventing the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. This ensures that glucose is the primary source of energy in the well-fed state.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because the inhibition of CPT-I is not primarily due to the lack of carnitine or its derivatives. While carnitine is essential for the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane, its levels do not directly regulate CPT-I activity.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because the regulation of CPT-I is not primarily due to changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The inhibition of CPT-I by malonyl-CoA is an allosteric mechanism that is independent of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In the fasting state, the activity of CPT-I is increased due to the decreased levels of malonyl-CoA, allowing for the increased oxidation of fatty acids to provide energy. This is an important adaptation that allows the body to switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation as a primary source of energy in the fasting state.
**Correct Answer:**
Correct Answer: A. Malonyl-CoA