Minimal change disease is/.are caused by-
Correct Answer: Gold
Description: Allergy Pollen Dust Fungi Bee sting Cat fur Food allergens (cow&;s milk, egg) Malignancies Hodgkin disease Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Leukemia Multiple myeloma Thymoma Bronchogenic cancer Colon cancer Eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma (Kimura disease) Drugs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Salaropyrin D-penicillamine Mercury Gold Tiopronin Lithium Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors Infections Viral Parasitic Mycaplasma pneumoniae Autoimmune disorders SLE Diabetes mellitus Myasthenia gravis Autoimmune pancreatitis Celiac disease Allogeneic stem all transplantation Immunizations Minimal change nephropathy Minimal change disease occurs at all ages but accounts for most cases of nephrotic syndrome in children and about one-quaer of adult cases. It is caused by reversible dysfunction of podocytes. On light microscopy, the glomeruli appear normal , but fusion of podocyte foot processes is observed on electron microscopy. The presentation is with nephrotic syndrome, which typically is severe; it remits with high-dose glucocoicoid therapy (1 mg/kg prednisolone for 6 weeks), though the response to therapy is often less satisfactory in older patients. Some patients who respond incompletely (glucocoicoid-resistant) or relapse frequently need maintenance glucocoicoids (glucocoicoid dependence), cytotoxic therapy or other agents. Glucocoicoid resistance in children warrants a biopsy to exclude an alternative diagnosis, but if minimal change is confirmed, a genetic cause should be considered .Minimal change disease typically does not progress to CKD but can present with problems related to the nephrotic syndrome and complications of treatment. Rifampicin is one of the standard drugs used to treat tuberculosis, however, has been repoed to induce some adverse renal effects. Rifampicin-associated nephrotic syndrome has been published, including cases of rifampicin-induced minimal change disease (MCD). Ref Harrison20th edition pg 233
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