All of the following statements about the control of micturition are true Except
**Core Concept**
The control of micturition involves a complex interplay of the central nervous system (CNS), the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The micturition reflex is a critical component of this process, involving the coordination of bladder contraction and urethral relaxation.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The micturition reflex is primarily mediated by the sacral spinal cord, specifically the S2-S4 segments. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), via the pelvic splanchnic nerves, stimulates bladder contraction, while the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) inhibits bladder contraction and promotes urethral sphincter contraction. Destruction of the sacral dorsal roots, which carry the SNS fibers, would not necessarily abolish the micturition reflex, as the reflex can still be initiated by the PNS. This is because the PNS can still stimulate bladder contraction, allowing the reflex to occur.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** An individual with a spinal cord injury at L1 can still have a micturition reflex, but this is because the sacral spinal cord (S2-S4) is still intact and can mediate the reflex. However, the injury would likely disrupt the coordination between the CNS and the sacral spinal cord, leading to an abnormal micturition reflex.
**Option B:** The micturition reflex can occur without voiding any urine, as the bladder can contract and relax without the need for urine to be expelled. This can occur in individuals with bladder outlet obstruction or in those with an overactive bladder.
**Option C:** Bladder volume can be more than double that present when the first urge to void occurs, as the bladder can accommodate a significant amount of urine before the urge to void becomes overwhelming. This is due to the compliance of the bladder wall and the ability of the bladder to stretch.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The micturition reflex is a classic example of a spinal reflex that can be modulated by the CNS. Understanding the neural control of micturition is crucial for managing urinary disorders, such as urinary incontinence or bladder outlet obstruction.
**Correct Answer:**
β Correct Answer: D. An individual with destruction of the sacral dorsal roots can still have a micturition reflex.