A 60 year old male presents with heamaturia at onset of micturition – cause is –
## **Core Concept**
The patient's presentation of hematuria at the onset of micturition suggests a lower urinary tract cause. This is because the bleeding is associated with the initial flow of urine, which points towards a source within the urethra or bladder neck.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **D. Urethral carcinoma**, is a plausible cause for hematuria at the onset of micturition. Urethral carcinoma can cause bleeding, especially during the initial part of urination, due to the tumor's location and its tendency to bleed easily. This condition is more common in older adults and can present with symptoms such as hematuria, urethral discharge, and obstructive urinary symptoms.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is not provided, but typically, causes of hematuria can include glomerulonephritis, kidney stones, or bladder cancer. However, the specific timing of hematuria (at the onset of micturition) helps to narrow down the cause to lower urinary tract issues.
- **Option B:** Similarly, this option is not provided, but if it were a renal cause, the hematuria might not be specifically related to the onset of micturition.
- **Option C:** Without the specific option provided, it's difficult to address directly, but generally, conditions not directly related to the lower urinary tract (like renal or upper urinary tract issues) would be less likely given the symptom timing.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that hematuria, especially when occurring at the onset of urination, is suggestive of a lower urinary tract pathology. Urethral carcinoma, though less common, is a critical diagnosis to consider in older males presenting with such symptoms. Always consider the "4 Fs" for urethral carcinoma: **F**irm, **F**ixed, **F**rank bleeding, and **F**ailure to pass urine.
## **Correct Answer:** D. Urethral carcinoma.