Parkinson disease can be caused by a problem with the metabolism of which particular compound.
## **Core Concept**
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a part of the brain that plays a crucial role in movement control. The disease is associated with impaired dopamine signaling, which leads to motor symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and bradykinesia. The metabolism of certain compounds can lead to the formation of neurotoxic substances that contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **C. L-tyrosine**, is related to the synthesis of dopamine. L-tyrosine is an amino acid that serves as a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. In the brain, L-tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, and L-DOPA is then converted into dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase. A problem with the metabolism of L-tyrosine can lead to impaired dopamine production, which is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** is incorrect because while tryptophan is an amino acid involved in the synthesis of serotonin, it is not directly related to the primary pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
* **Option B:** is incorrect because phenylalanine is another amino acid, but it is not directly involved in the synthesis of dopamine.
* **Option D:** is incorrect because tyrosine is another name for L-tyrosine, but among the options provided, **C. L-tyrosine** is specified.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A classic example of a compound that can cause Parkinson-like symptoms through its metabolism is MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrine), which is metabolized into MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), a neurotoxin that selectively damages dopamine-producing neurons. This highlights the importance of understanding how certain compounds can affect dopamine metabolism and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
## **Correct Answer:** C. L-tyrosine