Meniere’s disease is characterized by all EXCEPT
**Core Concept**
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear affecting balance and hearing. It is characterized by episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and the sensation of fullness in the ear. The pathophysiology involves endolymphatic hydrops, a condition where the inner ear's endolymphatic sac is dilated.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Meniere's disease is not typically characterized by high-frequency hearing loss. The condition usually affects low-frequency hearing, which is why patients often complain of feeling as if their hearing is muffled. The disease affects the vestibular system, leading to vertigo and balance problems. The endolymphatic sac plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Meniere's disease, as it helps regulate the inner ear's fluid balance.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Endolymphatic hydrops is a hallmark of Meniere's disease, making this option incorrect.
**Option C:** Tinnitus is a common symptom of Meniere's disease, often described as a ringing or buzzing sound in the ear. This option is also incorrect.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Meniere's disease is often treated with vestibular rehabilitation therapy to improve balance and reduce vertigo symptoms. Patients may also undergo intratympanic steroid injections to reduce inflammation in the inner ear.
**Correct Answer: D. High-frequency hearing loss.**