**Core Concept:** Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney's filtration units) characterized by the presence of immune complexes and deposition of immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane causing mesangial proliferation and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** The characteristic feature of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis is the deposition of immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane. This results in mesangial proliferation and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, leading to impaired filtration and subsequent renal dysfunction.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis does involve immune complex deposition, but the correct answer is specifically focused on the mesangial proliferation and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane.

B. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis does involve immune complex deposition, but the correct answer is focused on the specific pathological features of the disease.

C. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis does involve immune complex deposition, but the correct answer is focused on the specific pathological features of the disease.

D. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis does involve immune complex deposition, but the correct answer is focused on the specific pathological features of the disease.

**Clinical Pearl:** Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis is a type of glomerulonephritis that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, and hypertension in patients. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent progressive renal dysfunction and end-stage renal disease.