All of the following cause a grey-white membrane in the throat except –
## Core Concept
The question pertains to the differential diagnosis of a grey-white membrane in the throat, which can be caused by various infectious and non-infectious conditions. This membrane is often associated with infections that cause exudative pharyngitis or specific types of bacterial infections.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
The correct answer, , causes a condition known as diphtheria, characterized by a grey-white membrane (pseudomembrane) that adheres tightly to the tonsils, pharynx, and sometimes the nasal mucosa. This membrane is due to a toxin-mediated necrosis of the epithelial cells and is a hallmark of diphtheria.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
* **Option A:** causes exudative pharyngitis, which can present with a white or greyish patchy exudate on the tonsils and throat, but it does not typically form a confluent grey-white membrane as seen in diphtheria.
* **Option B:** can cause a pseudomembranous colitis, and while less commonly discussed in the context of throat membranes, certain strains can produce toxins leading to exudative pharyngitis.
* **Option C:** is known to cause infectious mononucleosis, which can present with exudative pharyngitis and sometimes a white or greyish exudate, but not typically a confluent membrane.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key clinical pearl is that the presence of a grey-white membrane in the throat, particularly one that bleeds when attempted to be dislodged, should raise suspicion for diphtheria. Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable condition, and its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, especially in areas with low vaccination rates.
## Correct Answer: B.