Melasma, during pregnancy is seen on: March 2011
**Core Concept**
Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by the appearance of patches or blotches on the skin, typically on the face. It is often associated with hormonal changes, sun exposure, and genetic predisposition. In the context of pregnancy, melasma is known as chloasma.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
During pregnancy, the increased levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones can stimulate the melanocytes, leading to the production of melanin and the characteristic hyperpigmentation seen in melasma. This condition is more common in women with a history of melasma, and it often resolves on its own after delivery.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as melasma is not typically associated with anemia or low iron levels during pregnancy.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as melasma is not a sign of preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as melasma is not a symptom of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Melasma is more common in pregnant women with a history of sun exposure and those taking certain medications, such as hormonal contraceptives. It is essential to counsel patients with a history of melasma about the potential for its recurrence during pregnancy and to recommend sun protection measures.
**Correct Answer:** D. Melasma is typically seen on sun-exposed areas of the face, particularly the cheeks and forehead.