**Core Concept**
Melanoma risk is primarily influenced by genetic predisposition, skin pigmentation, and environmental exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While UV radiation and family history significantly increase risk, skin color plays a critical role—darker skin has greater natural protection against UV damage.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Black people have a lower incidence of melanoma compared to individuals with fair skin due to higher melanin levels, which provide stronger UV protection. Melanoma is more common in people with light skin, red hair, or a history of sunburns. The presence of multiple or dysplastic nevi and a first-degree relative with melanoma are well-established risk factors, as are UV exposures.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Option A: Exposure to UV radiation is a major risk factor for melanoma, especially intermittent or intense sun exposure, leading to DNA damage in melanocytes.
Option C: A first-degree relative with melanoma increases risk due to shared genetic susceptibility, such as mutations in CDKN2A or MC1R genes.
Option D: Multiple or dysplastic nevi are strong predictors of melanoma, as dysplastic nevi show abnormal cell growth and are precursors to malignant transformation.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Melanoma is rare in Black people but more common in fair-skinned individuals. Always assess sun exposure, family history, and skin lesions—especially in high-risk groups—regardless of skin color.

✓ Correct Answer: B. Black people