Mechanism of action of timolol is ?
**Core Concept**
Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker used in the management of glaucoma and hypertension. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors in the eye and cardiovascular system.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Timolol works by blocking the action of endogenous catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors. This leads to a decrease in intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. In the cardiovascular system, timolol reduces heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreased cardiac output and blood pressure. The non-selective nature of timolol means it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This is incorrect because timolol is not an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker, which would affect blood vessels and not be used for glaucoma management.
**Option B:** This is incorrect because timolol does not reduce intraocular pressure by increasing trabecular outflow, which is the mechanism of action of prostaglandin analogs.
**Option C:** This is incorrect because timolol does not decrease intraocular pressure by reducing the episcleral venous pressure, which is the mechanism of action of epinephrine.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Timolol is often used in combination with other medications to enhance its glaucoma management effects, such as prostaglandin analogs or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
**Correct Answer:** C. Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blockade.