**Core Concept**
Beta blockers are a class of medications used in the management of glaucoma, particularly in the treatment of ocular hypertension. They exert their effects by decreasing the production of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Beta blockers work by inhibiting the beta-adrenergic receptors in the ciliary body, which leads to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor. This is achieved through the inhibition of the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which is responsible for the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP is a key second messenger involved in the regulation of aqueous humor production. By reducing cAMP levels, beta blockers decrease the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is involved in the production of aqueous humor. This results in a decrease in intraocular pressure.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because beta blockers do not work by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Instead, they decrease the production of aqueous humor.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because beta blockers do not work by decreasing the sensitivity of the ciliary body to light. Their mechanism of action is independent of light sensitivity.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because beta blockers do not work by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. While some glaucoma medications do increase outflow, beta blockers decrease production.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Beta blockers are particularly useful in the management of glaucoma because they have a synergistic effect when used in combination with other glaucoma medications, such as prostaglandin analogs.

**Correct Answer:** D.