**Core Concept:** International surveillance refers to the global monitoring and reporting of infectious diseases and public health threats. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are examples of organizations that conduct surveillance for various diseases.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** The correct answer (not mentioned) is a disease that is not part of the global surveillance system. This implies that the disease is not widely recognized, its prevalence is low, or it is a new emerging disease. Surveillance systems are designed to detect and monitor diseases that have significant public health impact, so a disease not included under international surveillance might be under-reported or not widely recognized.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is included under international surveillance, as it is a significant public health concern due to the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains and the impact on treatment options.

B. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is also included under international surveillance as it is a leading cause of several cancers, including cervical cancer, which has significant global health implications.

C. Tuberculosis (TB) is included under international surveillance as a major global health issue, with approximately 10 million cases and 1.5 million deaths reported in 2019.

D. Dengue fever is included under international surveillance as a significant mosquito-borne viral disease, affecting millions of people globally each year, with potential for outbreaks and severe complications.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact:** Surveillance systems help in early detection and management of diseases with significant public health implications. Knowing which diseases are included in international surveillance can help healthcare professionals stay informed about the global health landscape and the diseases they should be aware of.