**Question:** A 45 year old female presents with symptoms of acute cholecystitis. On USG there is a solitary gallstone of size 1.5 cm. Symptoms are controlled with medical management. Which of the following is the most appropriate step in the management of this patient

A. Percutaneous cholecystostomy
B. Cholecystectomy
C. Conservative management
D. Antibiotics alone

**Core Concept:** Acute cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder, typically caused by gallstones obstructing the cystic duct or artery. In mild cases, medical management can be effective, while more severe cases may require surgery or percutaneous intervention.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** In this case, the patient's symptoms are controlled with medical management, suggesting that the condition is mild. The gallstone (1.5 cm in size) is solitary, which is an important factor to consider in decision-making. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (option A) and cholecystectomy (option B) are invasive procedures that may not be necessary for a mild case. Antibiotics alone (option D) may provide temporary relief but do not address the cause of the inflammation (the gallstone).

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

**Option A:** Percutaneous cholecystostomy is an invasive procedure where a catheter is inserted into the gallbladder to drain the contents. This is typically reserved for cases where the patient is not suitable for cholecystectomy or shows no improvement with conservative management. In this case, the patient's symptoms are controlled with medical management, suggesting that percutaneous cholecystostomy is not the most appropriate step.

**Option B:** Cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) is an invasive surgery and may not be necessary for mild cases of acute cholecystitis. In this scenario, the patient's symptoms are controlled with medical management, indicating that cholecystectomy is not the most appropriate step.

**Option D:** Antibiotics alone may provide temporary relief by suppressing bacterial infection but do not address the primary cause of inflammation, which is the gallstone obstructing the cystic duct or artery. In this case, the patient's symptoms are controlled with medical management, suggesting that antibiotics alone are not the most appropriate step.

**Core Concept:** Conservative management (option C) involves monitoring the patient, providing supportive care, and managing symptoms with medications such as analgesics, antiemetics, and antipyretics. In this case, the patient's symptoms are controlled with medical management, indicating that surgery is not necessary.

**Clinical Pearl:** In mild cases of acute cholecystitis, conservative management is the most appropriate step. Surgery should be reserved for patients with severe symptoms or complications (e.g., empyema, gangrene, or cholangitis).