20 mEq (mmol) of potassium chloride in 500 ml of 5% dextrose solution is given intravenously to treat-
**Question:** 20 mEq (mmol) of potassium chloride in 500 ml of 5% dextrose solution is given intravenously to treat-
A. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
B. Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)
C. Hypoglycemia (low glucose levels)
D. Hyperosmolar state
**Correct Answer:** A. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
**Core Concept:**
Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrical balance of cells, muscle and nerve function, and blood pressure regulation. Hypokalemia can result from excessive potassium loss, inadequate potassium intake, or impaired potassium reabsorption in the kidneys.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
20 mEq (millimoles) of potassium chloride is a common medication used to raise potassium levels in the blood. In this scenario, administering potassium chloride in a solution containing 5% dextrose helps ensure the solution is isotonic and does not cause osmotic damage to cells during infusion. The 500 ml volume ensures a sufficient volume for the patient's needs.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels): Administering potassium chloride will raise potassium levels, counteracting the cause of hypokalemia.
B. Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels): Administering potassium chloride will further increase potassium levels, exacerbating the condition.
C. Hypoglycemia (low glucose levels): The dextrose in the solution has a role in raising blood glucose levels, not relevant in this scenario.
D. Hyperosmolar state: The solution is isotonic, ensuring it does not cause osmotic damage to cells during infusion.
**Clinical Pearl:**
When treating hypokalemia, ensure the appropriate volume, concentration, and dilution of the potassium supplement to avoid worsening the condition or causing other complications like hyperosmolarity or hyperglycemia. Always consider the patient's clinical context and the underlying cause of the hypokalemia before administering medications.