Replacing alanine by which amino acid will increase UV absorbance of protein at 280nm wavelength:
**Core Concept:**
Understanding the concept of amino acids and their role in protein structure and function is crucial for this question. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. These amino acids are responsible for the unique properties of proteins, including their ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light at specific wavelengths, such as 280 nm. The UV absorbance of proteins at 280 nm is due to the presence of aromatic amino acids like tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, which absorb UV light due to their aromatic ring structures.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
The correct answer is **D** - histidine. Histidine is an amino acid with an imidazole group, which is a heterocyclic aromatic ring. Unlike the other amino acids mentioned, histidine has a unique aromatic ring structure that contributes to the UV absorbance of proteins at 280 nm wavelength.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A) Alanine: Alanine is an amino acid without an aromatic ring structure. Therefore, replacing alanine with alanine will not increase the UV absorbance of proteins at 280 nm wavelength.
B) Leucine: Leucine is an amino acid without an aromatic ring structure. Hence, replacing alanine with leucine will not increase the UV absorbance of proteins at 280 nm wavelength.
C) Valine: Valine is an amino acid without an aromatic ring structure. Consequently, replacing alanine with valine will not increase the UV absorbance of proteins at 280 nm wavelength.
**Clinical Pearl:**
The presence of aromatic amino acids like tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine is essential for UV absorbance in proteins. However, the correct answer **D** - histidine - highlights the importance of understanding the unique properties of different amino acids and their role in protein structure and function. In clinical scenarios, this knowledge can be crucial for interpreting spectrophotometric assays, which utilize the absorbance of proteins at 280 nm wavelength to determine protein concentration in a sample.