Which of the following extrapyramidal effect is seen on chronic use of antipsychotic –
**Core Concept**
The question tests the student's understanding of **extrapyramidal side effects** associated with the chronic use of **antipsychotic medications**, particularly those related to the blockade of **dopamine D2 receptors** in the brain.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Chronic use of antipsychotics, especially typical antipsychotics, can lead to the development of **tardive dyskinesia**, a condition characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements. This is thought to be due to the prolonged blockade of dopamine receptors, leading to a compensatory increase in dopamine activity, which manifests as abnormal movements.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:**
**Option B:**
**Option C:**
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **tardive dyskinesia** is more commonly associated with the use of **typical antipsychotics** and can be irreversible in some cases, making it a significant concern in the long-term management of psychiatric disorders.
**Correct Answer:** D. Tardive dyskinesia.