6 months old infant with Hb of 6 gm% has anaemic features with peripheral blood showing target cells. Family history of similar complaints is (Positive). Diagnosis can be best done with which of the following –
**Core Concept**
The underlying principle being tested involves **hemoglobinopathies**, specifically disorders that affect the structure or production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia. This question touches on the diagnosis of such conditions, which are often inherited.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Given the clinical presentation of anemia with **target cells** on the peripheral blood smear and a family history of similar complaints, the diagnosis likely points towards a **hemoglobinopathy** such as **HbS (sickle hemoglobin)** or **HbC (another abnormal hemoglobin)**. However, the specific diagnosis can be best confirmed through **Hemoglobin Electrophoresis**, which is a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying different types of hemoglobin.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Without knowing the specific test, it's hard to comment, but typically, a simple blood test wouldn't suffice for diagnosing hemoglobinopathies.
**Option B:** Similar to Option A, without specifics, it's challenging to assess its correctness, but generally, molecular testing is more specific for genetic mutations rather than the initial diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies.
**Option C:** This might be a plausible option if it refers to a test that can identify abnormal hemoglobins, but without the exact test name, it's hard to confirm.
**Option D:** If this option refers to a test other than Hemoglobin Electrophoresis, it might not be the best initial choice for diagnosing the condition described.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **target cells** on a blood smear are indicative of several hemoglobinopathies, and a family history of anemia can suggest a genetic component. **Hemoglobin Electrophoresis** is a critical diagnostic tool for distinguishing between different types of hemoglobinopathies.
**Correct Answer:** D. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.