A 3 year old child presents with four days history of puffiness of face, fever and tea coloured urine. During the course of his disease, he can have any of the complications except-
**Core Concept**
The child's presentation is suggestive of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis or skin infections. PSGN is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and kidney damage.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of PSGN. In PSGN, the immune complexes deposited in the glomeruli activate the complement system, leading to the production of C3a and C5a, which cause further inflammation and damage. This can result in complications such as hypertension, proteinuria, and hematuria. The child's presentation with tea-colored urine is consistent with hematuria, which is a common complication of PSGN.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a possible complication of PSGN, as the inflammation and damage to the glomeruli can reduce kidney function. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
* **Option B:** Hypertension is a common complication of PSGN, as the inflammation and damage to the glomeruli can affect blood pressure regulation. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
* **Option C:** Renal failure is a possible complication of PSGN, as the inflammation and damage to the glomeruli can lead to a decline in kidney function. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that PSGN typically occurs 1-3 weeks after a streptococcal infection, and the child's presentation with hematuria, hypertension, and proteinuria is consistent with this diagnosis. A renal ultrasound and urinalysis can help confirm the diagnosis.
**Correct Answer: D.**