Gastric lavage is contraindicated in poisoning with: (PGI June 2008)
**Core Concept:** Gastric lavage is a procedure used to remove toxic substances from the stomach by flushing it with fluids. Contraindications are situations where this procedure should not be performed due to potential harm or lack of efficacy. In poisoning, certain substances are more hazardous when introduced into the circulation system, and gastric lavage could exacerbate the situation.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Gastric lavage is contraindicated in poisoning with **D**rugs, specifically those that are **enterohepatic circulation drugs**. These substances have a high capacity to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and can cause systemic toxicity when exposed to the bloodstream. The rationale behind this is that gastric lavage will introduce more of these toxic substances into the bloodstream, leading to a more severe and rapid systemic exposure.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. Contraindications due to mechanical obstruction (e.g., gastric outlet obstruction) are not relevant here.
B. Contraindications related to electrical or chemical stomach burns (e.g., HCl or alkali burns) are not discussed.
C. Contraindications related to unstable hemodynamics or severe poisoning with drugs that can cause significant systemic toxicity without gastric lavage are not addressed.
**Why Gastric Lavage is Unsafe with Drugs in Enterohepatic Circulation:**
Enterohepatic circulation refers to the process by which certain drugs are absorbed, distributed, and eliminated through the gastrointestinal tract and liver. This includes drugs like digoxin, antibiotics, and some drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia. When gastric lavage is performed, these drugs are introduced into the bloodstream, increasing the risk of systemic toxicity.
**Clinical Pearl:** In cases of poisoning due to drugs with enterohepatic circulation, it is crucial to prioritize supportive care, monitoring, and potentially administer specific antidotes or treatments based on the drug involved. Gastric lavage should be avoided to minimize the risk of worsening the situation and potentially causing severe adverse effects.
**Correct Answer:** D (Gastric lavage is contraindicated in poisoning with drugs in enterohepatic circulation).