Okay, let's tackle this question about Mc. Naughten's Rule. First, I need to recall what Mc. Naughten's Rule is. From what I remember, it's related to legal insanity. The question is asking which law or legal principle it's embodied in. The options aren't provided, but since the correct answer is missing, I need to infer based on standard test content.

Mc. Naughten's Rule is a legal standard used in the insanity defense. It states that a defendant is not criminally responsible if they were unable to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the crime due to a mental defect. This rule originated from the 1843 case R v. McNaughton, where the defendant killed someone, claiming he was following God's orders. The court established the rule to determine legal insanity.

Now, considering the options that might be present in such a question, common distractors could include other legal terms like the M'Naghten Rule (which is the correct term), the Durham Rule, the Brawner Test, or the ALI Test. These are different standards for insanity. The correct answer here would be the M'Naghten Rule, as it's the standard the question refers to. The user probably had a typo with "Mc. Naughten" instead of "M'Naghten."

The other options are incorrect because the Durham Rule focuses on whether the act was caused by a mental disease, the Brawner Test considers both knowledge and ability to conform, and the ALI Test includes inability to appreciate wrongfulness. The M'Naghten Rule specifically addresses the inability to distinguish right from wrong due to mental defect.

Clinical pearls here would be to remember that M'Naghten is the standard for legal insanity based on cognitive ability, not just emotional state. Also, noting the historical case origin helps in remembering the key points.

**Core Concept**
Mc. Naughten's Rule (correctly spelled *M'Naghten Rule*) is a **legal standard for insanity** in criminal law. It defines a defendant as legally insane if they **lack the cognitive capacity to distinguish right from wrong** at the time of the crime due to a mental defect or disease. This principle originated from the 1843 UK case *R v. McNaughton*.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The M'Naghten Rule focuses on **cognitive impairment** rather than emotional or volitional control. It requires proof that the defendant’s mental disorder rendered them unable to understand the nature of their act or recognize its moral wrongness. For example, a person hearing voices commanding them to harm others (e.g., in schizophrenia) may qualify if they cannot distinguish these commands from reality.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** *Durham Rule* – Incorrect. This standard requires the act to be the **product of mental illness**, not just inability to distinguish right from wrong.
**Option B:** *Brawner Test* – Incorrect. This U.S. test combines cognitive and volitional elements, requiring the defendant to **lack substantial capacity to avoid harm**.
**Option C:** *ALI (American Law Institute) Test* – Incorrect. This broader standard includes inability to **appreciate the criminality of conduct**, not

✓ Correct Answer: B. Sec 84 IPC